Tertiary businesses around recycling the incoming wave of EV batteries for things such as raw materials or on-grid storage.
At a high level we believe that there are multiple companies to be built surrounding battery recycling. As a wave of EV batteries reach levels where they are no longer fit for automotive (~70% health) these can be used for self-sufficiency off-grid power, as well as in other electronics (perhaps robotics). We believe that often these approaches will be used addition to materials recovery.
It’s clear that automation can be added to the actual recycling process. We believe that it’s most likely a “full stack” player is one that emerges here unless a services centric business model emerges that allows you to recycle batteries and sell them on a subscription basis, capturing part of the value and being able to recycle them multiple times down the food-chain of energy for variety of use-cases until battery health = <20% and the battery must be broken down.